Abortion
Abortion is the expulsion or extraction of the fetus from the
womb before it is viable, usually before the 20th week of gestation.
Abortion or Miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of
a pregnancy before the 20th week. About 10 to 20 percent of known pregnancies
end in miscarriage. But the actual number is likely higher because many
miscarriages occur so early in pregnancy that a woman doesn't realize she's
pregnant.
Miscarriage is a somewhat loaded term — possibly
suggesting that something was amiss in the carrying of the pregnancy. This is
rarely true. Most miscarriages occur because the fetus isn't developing
normally.
Miscarriage is a relatively common experience — but
that doesn't make it any easier. Take a step toward emotional healing by
understanding what can cause a mis carriage, what increases the risk and what
medical care might be needed.
Types of Abortion
An
abortion can occur spontaneously due to complications during pregnancy or can
be induced, in humans and other species. In the context of human pregnancies,
an abortion induced to preserve the health of the gravida (pregnant female) is
termed a therapeutic abortion, while an abortion induced for any other reason
is termed an elective abortion. The term abortion most commonly refers to the
induced abortion of a human pregnancy, while spontaneous abortions are usually
termed miscarriages.
Recurrent
pregnancy loss (RPL) or recurrent miscarriage (medically
termed habitual abortion) is the occurrence of three consecutive miscarriages.
If the proportion of pregnancies ending in miscarriage is 15%, then the
probability of two consecutive miscarriages is 2.25% and the probability of
three consecutive miscarriages is 0.34%. The occurrence of recurrent pregnancy
loss is 1%. A large majority (85%) of women who have had two miscarriages will
conceive and carry normally afterwards.
Signs and Symptoms of
Abortion
The
physical symptoms of a miscarriage vary according to the length of pregnancy:
At
up to six weeks only small blood clots may be present, possibly accompanied by
mild cramping or period pain.
At 6 to 13 weeks a clot will form around the embryo or fetus, and the placenta, with many clots up to 5 cm in size being expelled prior to a completed miscarriage. The process may take a few hours or be on and off for a few days. Symptoms vary widely and can include vomiting and loose bowels, possibly due to physical discomfort.
At over 13 weeks the fetus may be easily passed from the womb, however the placenta is more likely to be fully or partially retained in the uterus, resulting in an incomplete abortion. The physical signs of bleeding, cramping and pain can be similar to an early miscarriage, but sometimes more severe and labour-like.
At 6 to 13 weeks a clot will form around the embryo or fetus, and the placenta, with many clots up to 5 cm in size being expelled prior to a completed miscarriage. The process may take a few hours or be on and off for a few days. Symptoms vary widely and can include vomiting and loose bowels, possibly due to physical discomfort.
At over 13 weeks the fetus may be easily passed from the womb, however the placenta is more likely to be fully or partially retained in the uterus, resulting in an incomplete abortion. The physical signs of bleeding, cramping and pain can be similar to an early miscarriage, but sometimes more severe and labour-like.
Causes
Abnormal genes or
chromosomes
Most miscarriages occur because the fetus isn't
developing normally. About 50 percent of miscarriages are associated with extra
or missing chromosomes. Most often, chromosome problems result from errors that
occur by chance as the embryo divides and grows — not problems inherited from
the parents.
Chromosomal abnormalities might lead to:
Blighted ovum. Blighted ovum occurs when
no embryo forms.
Intrauterine fetal
demise. In
this situation, an embryo forms but stops developing and dies before any
symptoms of pregnancy loss occur.
Molar pregnancy and
partial molar pregnancy. With a molar pregnancy, both sets of chromosomes come from the
father. A molar pregnancy is associated with abnormal growth of the placenta;
there is usually no fetal development.
A partial molar pregnancy occurs when the mother's
chromosomes remain, but the father provides two sets of chromosomes. A partial
molar pregnancy is usually associated with abnormalities of the placenta, and
an abnormal fetus.
Molar and partial molar pregnancies are not viable
pregnancies. Molar and partial molar pregnancies can sometimes be associated
with cancerous changes of the placenta.
Maternal health
conditions
In a few cases, a mother's health condition might
lead to miscarriage. Examples include:
· Uncontrolled
diabetes
· Infections
· Hormonal
problems
· Uterus
or cervix problems
· Thyroid
disease
Risk factors
Various factors increase the risk of miscarriage,
including:
Age. Women older than age 35
have a higher risk of miscarriage than do younger women. At age 35, you have
about a 20 percent risk. At age 40, the risk is about 40 percent. And at age
45, it's about 80 percent.
Previous
miscarriages. Women
who have had two or more consecutive miscarriages are at higher risk of
miscarriage.
Chronic conditions. Women who have a chronic
condition, such as uncontrolled diabetes, have a higher risk of miscarriage.
Uterine or cervical
problems. Certain
uterine abnormalities or weak cervical tissues (incompetent cervix) might increase
the risk of miscarriage.
Smoking, alcohol
and illicit drugs. Women
who smoke during pregnancy have a greater risk of miscarriage than do
nonsmokers. Heavy alcohol use and illicit drug use also increase the risk of
miscarriage.
Weight. Being underweight or being
overweight has been linked with an increased risk of miscarriage
Invasive prenatal
tests. Some
invasive prenatal genetic tests, such as chorionic villus sampling and
amniocentesis, carry a slight risk of miscarriage.
Complications
Some women who miscarry develop a uterine
infection, also called a septic miscarriage. Signs and symptoms of this
infection include:
· Fever
· Chills
· Lower
abdominal tenderness
· Foul-smelling
vaginal discharge
HOMOEOPATHIC
REMEDIES
ARNICA MONTANA 30-Arnica Montana is one of the
well indicated Homeopathic medicines for treating threatened abortion from
trauma, falls or injuries.
CAULOPHYLLUM
THALICTROIDES 3x--
Caulophyllum Thalictroides is an effective remedy for tendency towards
habitual abortion from uterine weakness and uterine atony. History of
leucorrhea of acrid nature may also be present.
CROCUS SATIVA 30- Crocus Sativus is another
effective remedy for threatened abortion during the first month of
pregnancy.Abortion with dark and stringy blood.
ERIGERON 30-Erigeron is considered when there
is threatened abortion from exertion.Pregnant women with weak uterus a bloody
discharge on slight exertion.
HELONIAS Q-- Helonias Dioica is another
effective remedy for habitual abortion where the uterus is weak, with a
feeling of weight and soreness in the womb. During abortion, bleeding of dark,
foul blood is present. Dragging in the pelvis may be observed. Other symptoms
include exhaustion, profound sadness and irritability.
VIBURNUM OPULUS Q-Viburnum Opulus is one of the top
Homeopathic medicines for tendency towards recurrent/habitual abortion in
the early months, i.e. between the first three months. Cramping pain in the
uterus, which extends down the thighs, is observed. Women who need Viburnum
Opulus may also have a history of late and scanty menses. The menses last for a
few hours only. Offensiveness in menses is noted. History of leucorrhea of
thick, white nature, often blood streaked, may also be present.
SABINA OFFICINALIS
30-Sabina Offcinalis
is an excellent Homeopathic medicine for tendency towards
recurrent/habitual abortion occurring in the third month. Miscarriage is
accompanied by bright blood mixed with clots. Along with this, pain from sacrum
to pubis during bleeding is present. Sabina Offcinalis is an
effective remedy for threatened abortion with marked pain from sacrum to
pubes.
SECALE CORNUTUM 30- Secale Cornutum is
prescribed when women have a history of recurrent miscarriage with dark or
blackish bleeding. There may also be history of brownish, offensive leucorrhea.
Women prescribed Secale Cornutum have thin, cachetic and feeble constitution.
APIS MELLIFICA 30-Apis Mellifica is
the best Homeopathic medicine for tendency towards recurrent/habitual
abortion in the fourth month. Bleeding during abortion in the fourth month,
with soreness and tenderness in the womb, is a sign of Apis Mellifica .
This medicine is also useful where there is a history of ovarian cyst with
stinging pains. Case history will reveal short and scanty periods. Acrid, green
leucorrhea at some point in the past may also be observed.
KALI CARB 30-Kali Carb is the effective
Homeopathic medicine for tendency towards recurrent/habitual abortion at 5
months. The symptoms included by women during such abortions include
bleeding with back pain radiating down the hips and thighs. Kali Carb will also
show great results in treating weakness arising from the miscarriage.
SEPIA SUCCUS 200-Sepia Succus is an effective
Homeopathic medicine for treating the tendency towards repeated abortion
occurring at 6 or 7 months. Abortion in the sixth or seventh month with bearing
down pain in the uterus is a prominent symptom that decides on Sepia Succus as
the best medicine. In a few cases, griping or burning pain in the uterus may be
observed.Women have history of irregular menses, yellow/green leucorrhea
and uterine fibroids.
FERRUM METALLICUM
30-Ferrum
Met is a very useful medicine for tendency towards
recurrent/habitual abortion occurring at the end of the eighth month. Women who
need Ferrum Met will have a history of previous abortions with pale blood and
shooting or labour-like pain in the uterus. Profound weakness and anaemia may
also be observed among women who need Ferrum Metallicum.Ferrum Met is useful
where women have had many miscarriages with pale and watery bleeding. This is
attended with labour-like pains in abdomen and small of the back.
TRILLIUM PENDULUM
3X--Trillium
Pendulum is the most effective Homeopathic medicine for tendency towards
recurrent/habitual abortion in anaemic women who have had early miscarriages
with gushing bright blood. The bleeding worsens with the slightest movement.
The bleeding is attended with pain in the hips and back.
THYROIDINUM 30-Thyroidinum helps to avoid
miscarriage and tendency to premature labor when the cause is not a mechanical
origin. It controls slow oozing from the uterus.Thyroidinum also prevents
abortion when there is thyroid dysfunction.
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